First World War Centenary, 1914-1918

Youthful conscripts at the Etaples base in France, July 1918

Records from Staffordshire’s conscription appeals tribunals are to be documented as part of the commemorations of the Centenary of the First World War.

The authorities intended that the records would be destroyed following the Armistice, but documents relating to around 20,000 still exist at the records office in Stafford.

Professor Karen Hunt, from Keele University, said call-up appeals were often placed by the employer of a man selected for military service.

The Stafford papers reveal the pressures the community was under, she added, with many men already in the forces and many others killed in action.

Conscription enforced

Conscription was introduced in Britain in January 1916 as casualty rates rose and the number of volunteers dwindled, especially following the slaughter of the Pals battalions at the Battle of the Somme.

Under the Military Service Act men aged between 18 and 45 were obliged to register to join the armed forces. In May, the act was widened to include married men and, two years later, the upper age limit was raised to 51.

In 1918 the upper age limit for conscription was raised to 51

Members of Britain’s Chinese community have launched a campaign to commemorate members of the Chinese Labour Corps who served in the First World War.

Dangerous work

More than 100,000 men volunteered for the corps, with the first arriving on the Western Front in 1917 and some remaining with their units until 1920 – engaged in clearing unused ordinance and exhuming the bodies of the fallen.

Their work could often be exhausting and dangerous and involved moving ammunition, long hours and occasional bombardment.

Five Chinese Labour Corps soldiers were awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for bravery and, after the war, the British government sent a War Medal to every member of the corps. This was like the British War Medal issued to every member of the British armed forces, except that it was made of bronze, not silver.

Noyelles cemetery

The largest First World War Chinese cemetery on the Western Front is at Noyelles-Sur-Mer, near St Valéry at the mouth of the River Somme.

Guarded by Chinese dragons it has been planted with trees, shrubs and flowers native to China. Inscriptions on the 842 headstones are limited to four proverbs: ‘Faithful unto death’, ‘A good reputation endures forever’, ‘A noble duty bravely done’ and ‘Though dead he still liveth’.

While around 5,000 members of the Corps are believed to have remained in France after the war, few, if any, settled in the UK.

The campaign to create a permanent memorial in central London, to be unveiled in 2017 sited either in Southwark or Westminster, is backed by the Chinese embassy and the Chinese in Britain Forum.